The Bukhara trial followed the July 2022 events in Nukus, the capital of Karakalpakstan, where mass protests broke out after draft constitutional amendments proposed removing the region’s autonomous status and right to secede. The demonstrations were met with a violent security response, resulting in deaths, injuries, and mass arrests. The Uzbek authorities later withdrew the controversial amendments.

In 2023, key cases related to these events were transferred from Karakalpakstan to Bukhara, with officials citing security and neutrality concerns. The trial involved activists, journalists, and civic figures accused of organizing mass unrest and attempting to undermine the constitutional order. Several defendants received lengthy prison sentences, while some were acquitted or given reduced terms. The proceedings drew international criticism, particularly over due process, transparency, and the criminalization of dissent linked to the Nukus protests